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About the author
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A. M. Ayala (59) is a
contractor with over 30 years experience in the building
trades. When his mother, at age 89, fractured her tibia and
came to live with him and his wife, he began looking for an
accessible home design guide for building and remodeling
contractors. He found an enormous amount of information but
very few pictures.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) directed him to the
United States Access Board’s July 2004 guidelines that serve
as the baseline for standards used to enforce the ADA.
Using the Access Board’s relevant residential guidelines and
a cad program, Mr. Ayala drew more than 300 illustrations.
Those easy-to-understand drawings make The Right Space
a unique resource for both the layman and the building
professional.
The book’s format follows the logical path from outside to
inside, from the sidewalk, through the front door, and into
hallways, bathrooms and kitchens.
Throughout, this guide’s goal is to show what accessible
spaces look like. With The Right Space the layman and
the building professional can make informed design decisions
about what may be a family’s most important asset, their
home.
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Contents of The Right
Space
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- INTRODUCTION – page 7
- GLOSSARY AND NOTES – page 8
- Brief Description: Readers become familiar
with basic definitions such as accessible, approach
direction, clear floor space, cross slope, finished floor
and more.
- CLEAR FLOOR SPACE
- CROSS SLOPE
- KNEE AND TOE SPACE
- RAMP...more
- PRIMARY FLOOR SPACES – page 11
- Brief Description: Width, depth, and slope of
various floor spaces.
- WIDTH, DEPTH, AND SLOPE
- WHEELCHAIR CLEAR FLOOR SPACE
- RUNNING SLOPE
- CROSS SLOPE
- VERTICAL CHANGE IN LEVEL
- BEVELED CHANGE IN LEVEL
- FLOOR TILE, CARPET, DECK AND GRATE SPACING
- TURNING – page 29
- Brief Description: Minimum widths, depths,
and diameters of floor spaces that allow you to travel
from room to room and from fixture to fixture.
- TURNING SPACES
- 90 DEGREE TURN – through doorway
- ASSOCIATED 90 DEGREE TURNS – two examples
- CIRCULAR TURNING SPACE
- T – SHAPED TURNING SPACE
- ELLIPTICAL TURNING SPACE
- TURNING NOTES
- DOORS AND PASSAGEWAYS – page 41
- Brief Description: Minimum width between open
door and doorstop when a hinged door is open 90 degrees.
Double doors, pocket doors, passageways and what makes a
hallway accessible.
- HINGED DOOR - Typical Guidelines
- DOUBLE DOORS
- POCKET DOOR AND FOLDING DOOR
- PASSAGEWAY WIDTH
- DOORWAY AND PASSAGEWAY NOTES
- ENTRANCE LANDINGS – page 49
- Brief Description: Each accessible entry
doorway has a landing on each side of it. Each entry
landing has a specific width and depth based on approach
direction and hardware location. Each entry landing
allows you open a hinged door, let it swing by, and let
you pass through.
- ACCESSIBLE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- FRONT APPROACH - PUSH SIDE LANDING
- FRONT APPROACH - PULL SIDE LANDING
- LATCH APPROACH - PUSH SIDE LANDING
- LATCH APPROACH - PULL SIDE LANDING
- HINGE APPROACH - PUSH SIDE LANDING
- HINGE APPROACH - PULL SIDE LANDINGS
- LANDINGS AND RAMPS – page 59
- Brief Description: Where landing and ramps
are located. There is a landing on each side of every
ramp! Ramp widths, depths, and slope guidelines.
- LANDING - RAMP - LANDING
- LANDING - Typical Guidelines, Where Ramps Change
Direction
- RAMP IN NEW CONSTRUCTION - Typical Guidelines, Running
Slope, Cross Slope, Maximum Rise, Accessible Design
Considerations
- RAMP IN EXISTING CONSTRUCTION - Exception One, Design
Considerations
- RAMP IN EXISTING CONSTRUCTION - Exception Two, Design
Considerations
- REACH, APPROACH, AND EGRESS - page 73
- Brief Description: High and low reach each
have an approach direction. High and low reach also have
minimum and maximum heights at walls, beside a fixture,
over a fixture, more.
- REACH AND APPROACH DIRECTION
- REACH AND OBSTRUCTIONS
- FORWARD APPROACH - Unobstructed High Forward Reach, Low
Forward Reach
- FORWARD APPROACH - Obstructed High Forward Reach
- PARALLEL APPROACH - Unobstructed Parallel Reach, High
Parallel Reach, Low Parallel Reach, Obstructed High
Parallel Reach
- HIGH AND LOW REACH AND VIEW
- EGRESS
- INTERIOR LANDINGS - page 87
- Brief Description: There is a landing on each
side of an interior doorway and passageway. The landing
allows a person in a wheelchair to make a 90 degree turn
and pass through. How wide and how deep is each doorway
landing? There are 7 possibilities. Each depends on the
approach direction and door handle location.
- ACCESSIBLE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- FRONT APPROACH - PUSH SIDE LANDING
- FRONT APPROACH - PULL SIDE LANDING
- LATCH APPROACH - PUSH SIDE LANDING
- LATCH APPROACH - PULL SIDE LANDING
- HINGE APPROACH - PUSH SIDE LANDING
- HINGE APPROACH - PULL SIDE LANDINGS
- OVERLAPPING LANDINGS - Where Doors Swing Away From Each
Other, Where Doors Swing in the Same Direction
- PASSAGEWAY LANDINGS - Forward Approach and Parallel
Approach
- POCKET DOOR LANDINGS - Front Approach, Latch Approach,
Pocket Approach
- HALLWAYS
- LANDING NOTES
- RESIDENTIAL BATHROOMS - page 105
- Brief Description: An overview of accessible
bathroom design. A variety complete bathrooms are
displayed – each with a different type of bathing
fixture.
- TYPICAL BATHROOM - Access Problems
- BATHROOM ONE - Fixing Access Problems
- BATHROOM TWO - Roll-in Shower without Seat, Lavatory,
and Water Closet. What is a Rough-in Dimension?
- BATHROOM THREE - Roll-in Shower with Seat, Lavatory,
and Water Closet
- BATHROOM FOUR - Alternate Shower with Seat, Lavatory,
and Water Closet
- BATHROOM NOTES
- WATER CLOSET / TOILET - page 117
- Brief Description: A toilet’s clear floor
space, turning space, grab bars, and toilet paper
dispenser location. The relationship between fixtures and
floor spaces near a toilet.
- WATER CLOSET - Accessible Design Considerations,
Typical Guidelines, Rough-in Considerations
- LAVATORY NEXT TO A WATER CLOSET - Minimum Distance
- FIXTURE NEXT TO A WATER CLOSET
- WATER CLOSET HARD EDGES - Front Edge, Seat Side Edge
- OVERLAPPING SPACES
- LAVATORY / SINK - page 129
- Brief Description: A lavatory’s clear floor
space and turning space. The relationship between the
lavatory and a water closet. The relationship between the
lavatory and a bathtub. The relationship between the
lavatory and a roll-in shower… a transfer shower… an
alternate shower. The landings and turning spaces near a
lavatory.
- LAVATORY - Accessible Design Considerations, Typical
Guidelines
- KNEE AND TOE SPACE - Typical Guidelines
- LAVATORY IN AN ALCOVE
- LAVATORY NEXT TO A WATER CLOSET - Minimum Distance
- FIXTURE NEXT TO A WATER CLOSET
- LAVATORY NEXT TO A BATHING FIXTURE - Bathtub, Roll-in
Shower without Seat, Bathing Fixture with
- Seat, Transfer Shower, Alternate Shower with Seat
- MANEUVERING IN AND MANEUVERING OUT
- OVERLAPPING SPACES
- BATHROOM CABINET, COUNTERTOP AND SINK - page 143
- Brief Description: The relationship between
cabinet-countertop-sink and a water closet. The
relationship between cabinet-countertop-sink and a
bathtub. The relationship between cabinet-countertop-sink
and a roll-in shower…a transfer shower…an alternate
shower. The turning space near a cabinet and countertop.
- BATHROOM SINK WITH FORWARD APPROACH - Typical
Guidelines
- BATHROOM SIZE
- WATER CLOSET HARD EDGES - Front Edge and Seat Side Edge
- FIXTURE NEXT TO A WATER CLOSET
- CABINET, COUNTERTOP, AND TURNING SPACE
- CABINET AND COUNTERTOP NEXT TO A BATHING FIXTURE -
Bathtub, Roll-in Shower without Seat, Bathing Fixture
with Seat, Transfer Shower, Alternate Shower with Seat
- CABINET, COUNTERTOP, AND OVERALL BATHROOM SIZE
- BATHTUB - page 159
- Brief Description: Clear floor space and
turning space at at bathtub. Grab bars, grab bar backing,
shower spray unit, and controls location. Bathtub seat
location. Typical carpentry and more.
- BATHTUB - Accessible Design Considerations, Typical
Guidelines, Bathing Fixture Width, Rough-in
Considerations, Bathing Fixture Depth, Rough-in
Considerations
- BATHTUB WITH PERMANENT SEAT - Accessible Design
Considerations, Typical Guidelines, Bathroom Size,
Rough-in Considerations
- ROLL-IN SHOWER - page 175
- Brief Description: A roll-in shower’s clear
floor space and turning space. Grab bars, grab bar
backing, shower spray unit, and controls location. Notes
on a folding shower seat. Typical carpentry and
sub-floor.
- ROLL-IN SHOWER WITHOUT SEAT - Accessible Design
Considerations, Typical Guidelines, Bathroom Size,
Rough-in Considerations
- ROLL-IN SHOWER WITH SEAT - Accessible Design
Considerations, Typical Guidelines, Bathroom Size,
Rough-in Considerations
- TRANSFER SHOWER and ALTERNATE SHOWER - page 189
- Brief Description: A transfer shower’s
clear floor space and turning space. Grab bars, grab bar
backing, shower spray unit, and controls location. Notes
on a folding shower seat. Typical carpentry and
sub-floor.
- TRANSFER SHOWER - Accessible Design Considerations,
Typical Guidelines, Bathroom Size, Rough-in
Considerations
- ALTERNATE SHOWER WITH SEAT (end wall controls) -
Accessible Design Considerations, Typical Guidelines,
Fixture Location, Rough-in Considerations
- ALTERNATE SHOWER WITH SEAT (back wall controls) -
Accessible Design Considerations, Typical Guidelines,
Fixture Location, Rough-in Considerations
- SEAT WALL - Entry Side and Adjacent Side Setbacks
- ADA COMPLIANT BATHING SEAT - Planning and Availability
- KITCHEN - page 211
- Brief Description: An overview of accessible
kitchen design. Detailed illustrations an efficient
kitchen and the relationship between clear floor space
and turning space at a refrigerator. Turning space at a
cooktop…a dishwasher…a sink…a work surface…a
range, and a built-in oven.
- KITCHEN - Accessible Design Considerations
- CABINET STRUCTURE - Toe Kick Height, Cabinet and
Countertop Height, Work Surface and Sink Fixtures
- APPROACH CLEAR FLOOR SPACE
- HIGH AND LOW REACH
- U - SHAPED KITCHEN
- PASS THROUGH KITCHEN
- APPROACH EXAMPLES - Refrigerator-Freezer and Cooktop,
Dishwasher, Sink, Work Surface, Range, Built-in Oven
- FIXTURE HEIGHT AND LOCATION
- MANEUVERING INSIDE A KITCHEN
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